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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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1994-03-25
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<text id=89TT3151>
<title>
Nov. 27, 1989: An Uneasy Dip With The Dolphins
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Nov. 27, 1989 Art And Money
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
NATURE, Page 80
An Uneasy Dip with the Dolphins
</hdr><body>
<p>Swimming with Flipper is fun, but is it unwarranted
exploitation?
</p>
<p>By Eugene Linden
</p>
<p> I am feeling slightly ridiculous as I sit on a dock that
juts into an artificial lagoon and stroke a dolphin's nose with
my feet. The stroking is a handshake of sorts, a way of
introducing me and four other people at the Hyatt Waikoloa in
Hawaii to the dolphins with whom we will be swimming. We are the
latest of roughly 15,000 customers who have paid $55 for
half-hour frolics with six dolphins since the Hyatt program
began a year ago. The enterprise, one of four operating in the
U.S., is so popular that spots have to be awarded by lottery.
</p>
<p> After more instruction -- "Don't pet them around the
blowhole; avoid their eyes" -- and a petting session during
which we rub the dolphins' rubbery heads and bellies, we walk
to a beach to begin our 20-minute swim. As we enter the water,
George DelMonte of the San Francisco area tells me that the
chance to swim with dolphins was a principal reason that he and
his girlfriend chose to stay at the Hyatt. Encumbered by life
jackets that serve mainly to prevent the overeager from pursuing
animals to the depths, we flounder about as the young dolphins
carve intricate underwater arcs through our midst, occasionally
stopping to toss balls with their noses.
</p>
<p> As I watch my fellow human swimmers' expressions, which
range from the merely ecstatic to the truly transported, the
question arises, How can this be bad? The program is operated
by two acknowledged marine-mammal experts whose company, Dolphin
Quest, has created a sandy bottomed, virtually natural lagoon
for the animals. Still, for some conservationists,
"dolphin-fondling" programs (as they are dismissively called)
are just one more way in which humans deprive highly intelligent
animals of their freedom and put them at risk of disease or
mishandling for the entertainment of customers and the
enrichment of owners.
</p>
<p> Over the years, marine mammals have become big box office.
Around the U.S., amusement parks and aquariums pack spectators
into dolphin and killer-whale shows. Companies have organized
whale-watching voyages and party-boat trips to feed wild
dolphins. One promoter has even proposed an underwater birthing
facility where dolphins would serve as "midwives" for human
deliveries.
</p>
<p> For the moment, though, nothing angers some
conservationists so much as the swim-with-dolphin programs. The
critics say the new fad stretches the limits of the Marine
Mammal Protection Act, which allows the "display" of dolphins
under tightly regulated conditions but says nothing about
programs in which people interact with the animals. The National
Marine Fisheries Service, which monitors the capture and
treatment of marine mammals, is holding a series of meetings to
determine whether it should revise the way it permits private
interests to use dolphins. For the swim programs, the stakes are
high: they will have to shut down at the end of the year should
NMFS decide they are not in the best interest of the animals.
</p>
<p> Dolphin swim centers can be traced back to the thinking of
scientist turned guru John Lilly. In the 1960s Lilly did
serious studies of the dolphin brain, but by the 1980s he was
arguing that dolphins relayed extraterrestrial guidance toward
a higher consciousness. A parade of Hollywood celebrities,
including Kris Kristofferson, Phyllis Diller and Olivia
Newton-John, swam with Lilly's captive dolphins in Los Angeles.
While few people really believed dolphins were Martians in wet
suits, the swims caught on, first with New Agers and then with
the general public, as private facilities such as the Dolphin
Research Center and Dolphins Plus in the Florida Keys began
taking in paying customers.
</p>
<p> The Hyatt swim program is by far the most elaborate yet
devised. Run by veterinarians Jay Sweeney and Rae Stone, it
tries to be educational as well as profitable. Special sessions
are held for schoolchildren, who learn all about dolphins.
Hawaii's superintendent of education Charles Toguchi gives
Dolphin Quest high marks for its programs with island schools.
The operators also devote a portion of their receipts to funding
research on ways to save dolphins from drowning in tuna nets.
</p>
<p> These efforts, however, have not silenced critics. Says Ben
White of the activist group Sea Shepherd Conservation Society,
whose members take to the seas to disrupt whale and dolphin
captures: "Yes, captive dolphins educate, but it's bad
education. It tells people it is O.K. to keep these animals and
make them do tricks."
</p>
<p> The dolphins in the Hyatt program are juveniles, but adult
male dolphins can be rough with humans and even sexually
aggressive with women, whom they can easily distinguish from
men. William Evans, a former head of NMFS, worries about the
risk of injury to people from the 200-kg (about 450-lb.)
fast-moving mammals as they become accustomed to people.
"Familiarity breeds contempt," says Evans. "I've been slammed
and bammed a bit, and I know of a few trainers hurt badly enough
to put them in the hospital." If dolphin swim programs avoid
such potential hazards by relying on juveniles, they will create
a demand to take more young from the wild and, as the captive
animals age, a growing population of superannuated adults.
</p>
<p> Evans also worries about diseases being transmitted to
dolphins. Two of the Hyatt's dolphins were found dead in the
lagoon last spring, raising suspicions that they had been
infected by swimmers. Ironically, they turned out to be victims
of attempts to make the lagoon more natural: they were poisoned
by tainted reef fish that had swum in from the ocean.
</p>
<p> Many are concerned that a proliferation of swim programs
will make them hard to regulate. "Every hotel in Hawaii wants
to put a dolphin in the pool," asserts Georgia Cranmore of the
NMFS. The agency has shut down one dolphin swim program, at the
Hawk's Cay Hotel in Florida, because of technical violations.
</p>
<p> Dolphins might have avoided all this attention if evolution
had contrived to give them a permanent frown instead of a
permanent smile, or if their foreheads, which bulge with
echo-location organs, did not make them look so intelligent. But
for whatever reason, people think of the animals as special,
perhaps even more so than other intelligent creatures such as
chimpanzees or elephants. Unfortunately, dolphins can be
smothered by misdirected love as well as by tuna nets. Swimming
with them may make their human fans feel good, but it would be
better if the admiring masses appreciated their grace and
intelligence from afar.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>